Northern River Terrapin: IUCN Status & Threats (UPSC)

The Northern River Terrapin (Batagur baska) is a critically endangered species of freshwater turtle found in the rivers and estuaries of Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Known for its distinctive appearance and ecological significance, the Northern River Terrapin has become a matter of concern for environmentalists, policymakers, and wildlife enthusiasts worldwide.

This article aims to shed light on the significance of the Northern River Terrapin, its current IUCN status, the reasons behind its decline, and the conservation efforts needed to ensure its survival.

What is Northern River Terrapin?

The Northern River Terrapin (Batagur baska) is a critically endangered species of freshwater turtle found in Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. It has distinct physical characteristics and is known for its unique appearance. This species inhabits rivers and estuaries and plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of freshwater ecosystems.

Physical Characteristics of the Northern River Terrapin

• The Northern River Terrapin has a distinctive appearance with a large, elongated carapace (shell) that can reach up to 70 centimeters in length.
• The carapace is typically dark brown or black in color with prominent ridges and scutes (scales).
• Their heads are broad and have a pointed snout, along with powerful jaws and sharp claws.
• The skin is usually gray or black, and they have a pale yellow or cream-colored plastron (underside of the shell).
• The males of this species have longer and thicker tails than females, which helps in courtship and mating.
• They have webbed feet with strong claws, enabling them to navigate through water bodies efficiently.
• It possesses well-developed senses, including sharp eyesight and a keen sense of smell, which aid in foraging and locating suitable nesting sites.

Conservation Status

• IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered
• CITES: Appendix I
• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I

Where is the Northern River Terrapin found?

The Northern River Terrapin is currently found in Bangladesh, India (specifically in the Sunderbans), Cambodia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. However, it is regionally extinct in Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Habitat & Behaviour

• Northern river terrapins spend most of their time in water and come on land solely for egg-laying purposes.
• They undertake long seasonal migrations, covering distances of 80-95 km, to return to the sandbanks of their hatching.
• Exhibit social behavior, often basking together during the daytime.
• They rest in burrows they create in muddy banks during low tide, providing them with safe shelter at night.
• These terrapins have an omnivorous diet, consuming waterside plants and small animals like clams.

Importance of Northern River Terrapin

• The Northern River Terrapin is an apex predator, helping to control the population of prey species in freshwater ecosystems.
• It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of its habitat by regulating the population of other organisms.
• The presence or absence of Terrapin can indicate the overall health and quality of the ecosystem it inhabits.
• These turtles serve as indicators of environmental health, reflecting the condition of the water bodies they reside in.
• By conserving the Terrapin, we can protect and preserve the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems.
• The species contributes to the overall functioning and resilience of its habitat.
• It has cultural and traditional significance in the local communities where it is found.
• Conservation efforts aimed at protecting the Terrapin can have positive cascading effects on other species and the overall ecosystem.

What are the Threats?

The Northern River Terrapin (Batagur Baska) is in danger due to various threats.

• Habitat Loss
• Pollution
• Illegal Wildlife Trade
• Climate Change
• Bycatch
• Predation
• Lack of Awareness and Conservation Efforts

Efforts to Conserve Northern River Terrapin

Recognizing the critical situation faced by the Northern River Terrapin, several organizations, governments, and local communities have initiated conservation efforts to safeguard this endangered species. Some key initiatives include:

1. Habitat Protection: Establishing protected areas and nature reserves along the rivers and estuaries where the terrapins are found. These areas ensure the conservation of critical habitats and provide a safe haven for the turtles to breed and thrive.
2. Awareness and Education: Conduct public awareness campaigns and educational programs to highlight the importance of the Northern River Terrapin and promote sustainable practices to protect its habitat. By fostering a sense of responsibility and understanding among local communities, these efforts aim to reduce human-induced threats to the species.
3. Captive Breeding and Reintroduction: Establishing captive breeding programs to breed and raise Northern River Terrapins in a controlled environment. The goal is to reintroduce these turtles into their natural habitats once the threats have been mitigated, thereby boosting their population and genetic diversity.
4. International Cooperation: Collaborating with international organizations, governments, and research institutions to share knowledge, resources, and best practices for the conservation of the Northern River Terrapin. This cooperation helps leverage expertise and support from various stakeholders to develop comprehensive conservation strategies.

Also Read: Human-Wildlife Conflict

Conclusion

The Northern River Terrapin is an iconic species facing an uncertain future. Its decline reflects the larger challenges of habitat loss, pollution, and illegal wildlife trade that many endangered species face. However, through concerted efforts, there is hope for the survival and recovery of this remarkable turtle species.

By implementing effective conservation measures, raising awareness, and involving local communities, we can ensure the Northern River Terrapin’s continued existence and contribute to the preservation of freshwater ecosystems. The protection of this species is not only essential for biodiversity conservation but also a responsibility we owe to future generations. Let us act now to secure a better future for the Northern River Terrapin and the fragile ecosystems it calls home.

Thank You!